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What’s the common attribute of everyday Americans who have amassed $1 million or more? They’re frugal—otherwise known as cheap.

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In Retirement

The Security Money Can’t Buy

"Dana, I feel the same way about my wife. I worry more about how difficult life would be for her without me than I do about myself. Still, I think she’d probably be better equipped to carry on without me than I would be without her. Kind of strange for me to say, since I spent most of my adult life single."
- Dennis Friedman
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In Retirement

Is your retirement plan counting on a Social Security COLA in the future?

"The many Americans facing cat food diets without their SS should receive COLAs. The upper middle class and wealthy recipients collecting $40,000-$100,000 should not. SS and Medicare should be reformed to lessen the burden on younger generations of workers."
- Paul Ward
Read more »

Investing

What stock would you happily hold for the next 10 years?

"We're 5 years hence from when Jonathan asked this question (in the old school forum format where it would often ask questions of us). How does everyone feel about their picks? I selected Microsoft (MSFT), which is up 73% over the last 5 years. Many picked Apple, and Berkshire. A few others Exxon, Verizon, and some others. What do you think? Would you stick with your selection or switch? I don't think anyone had even heard of Nvidia 5 years ago."
- Ben Rodriguez
Read more »

Investing

Target Maturity Bond Funds

"Thanks David. For a little more context- we run about a 80/20 bonds& cash/ equity mix in Buckets# 1+2 (with the equity portion in Total U.S. & Total International indices)- rebalanced annually.  Bucket#3 is typically 70/30 equity/ bonds mix.  I fluctuate the Bucket #3 mix over the years and run a higher equity mix at times after market corrections. Again, rebalance annually to my prevailing target mix. The bonds sit in Rollover IRA, the ROTH is almost 100% equity.  BTW: I don’t disagree with the 100% equity approach in Bucket#3 ( 10+ years out) I’m just a bit conservative I guess.  This plan assumes zero future Social Security benefit will be received at 70 and later. I swore off that institution at age 29, invested and saved accordingly since and will donate anything we get from S.S. to veterans’ causes. "
- Dunn Werking
Read more »

From HumbleDollar Founder Jonathan Clements

Lists

Why HumbleDollar?

IN OUR 20s, WE TEND to be a confident lot: We figure we know what we want from our life, that the goal is…
Read more »

Health

My Name is Dan, and I’m a CPAP User

"Ps I store mine in the bottom drawer of my nightstand and get a 10 ft hose instead of 6. Having it so far below the bed cuts any noise WAY down."
- Heidi - SunnyMoneyDIY
Read more »

Taxes

Shouldn’t property taxes be a realistic part of retirement planning? Sorry, I think this is a major financial and social issue.

"John, too often when school taxes are under discussion I find that loaded word "results" to be a tool for hiding multiple red herrings in the interest of opposing public education in general. The question of how to assess "results" disappears in debates over math and reading scores, dropout rates, graduation percentages and college enrollment rates, where too often a red number is leveraged as justification for voting against any property tax increases for schools. In cases such as yours, you may find that the rising tax spending despite declining enrollment may be for school infrastructure -- the construction and repair costs for maintaining school buildings have absolutely exploded -- or for upgrading technology enabling students to meet rapidly changing tech demands in the job market, or the rising costs of maintaining extracurricular activities vital to creating a "whole" person ready to face the world, whether it's sports or music or art or literature. The raw number of students is not a major factor in those costs. Personally, I always vote for school bonds and property tax increases for schools -- not because I've ever had kids in the schools, but because I'm selfish. When I'm gone, I want my widow to be able to sell our house for more. Multiple studies have shown that school spending increases local property values. A 2020 study by the Harvard Kennedy School found that a 1 percent increase in school spending increases local house prices by 0.95 percent. An earlier study found that for every $1 increase in per pupil school expenditure, per pupil housing values increase by about $20. And when school bonds or taxes are voted down, house hunters who want quality public education for their kids may steer away from the community towards one that does support school funding. Home prices can actually drop. "
- Mike Gaynes
Read more »

Spending

Anyone For S.K.I.ing?

"Mike, please tell me you got a killer deal on the Cadillac before you blew the kids' inheritance on it!"
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

Behavior

Time Is Priceless

"Jim, thank you. Your words really touched me. Losing Doug gives your thoughts about time a meaning that goes far beyond money. We can spend years building financial security, but in the end, what many of us would give anything to have more of is time with someone we love. I also understand what you mean about looking back 30, 40 or 50 years and wondering how it could possibly have passed so quickly. Those years somehow feel both distant and like yesterday. I’m grateful for your friendship, Jim, and I hope there are many more memories still ahead of us. You’re right, time really is more precious than money."
- Andrew Clements
Read more »

Taxes

What I think about taxes- all kinds of taxes

"There is a big difference between accumulated wealth and high income and thus different definitions of rich I assume. Someone who accumulates wealth through investments such as many HD readers or Bezos are treated the same tax wise. The fact one person has billions and another a few hundred thousand is irrelevant in my mind. Likewise, the highest 37% tax bracket is 37% which the “wealthy” pay. It’s not just the rich, the US has among the lower overall tax burdens. The absence of a VAT part of the lack of burden. Most of the direct tax benefits in the US go the average Americans (tax credits, standard and other deductions leaving an effective income tax rate for the lower 50% of 3.7%.). When it comes to corporations, who benefits from the tax laws? I’d say there is plenty of trickle down in that case- workers and their jobs and benefits, reinvestment in products for the public and mostly shareholders who benefit from growing profits. Shareholders of all types, including through mutual funds, even pension funds, etc. There is no such thing as “the corporation” benefiting. It’s all connected."
- R Quinn
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Investing

Structuring Bonds

IT'S BEEN AN UNUSUAL week in the bond market, and not necessarily in a good way. This has many investors questioning the value of bonds, which is understandable. Bonds are supposed to be the “safe” side of a portfolio, but they’ve struggled in recent years. Arguably, the drama we’re seeing in the bond market today began more than 50 years ago. To put today’s situation in perspective, I’ll briefly summarize that long history. Then we can look at what steps you might take to better protect your portfolio from here. Back in the 1970s, as you’re probably aware, inflation rose above 10%. Policymakers struggled for years to bring it under control, but in the early 1980s a Fed chair named Paul Volcker finally succeeded. He accomplished that by raising the Fed’s benchmark rate to nearly 20%. With this step, Volcker succeeded in calming inflation, and that allowed the Fed to begin lowering rates, a gradual process that continued for most of the following 40 years. Because bond prices move inversely to interest rates, that entire stretch was extremely beneficial for bonds. As rates fell, bonds rose. Between 1980 and 2020, intermediate-term U.S. government bonds returned 7% per year, on average. That multi-decade run helped seal the reputation of bonds as an easy and reliable way to offset the risk of stocks. But then the other shoe dropped. Due to pandemic-related government spending and tangled supply chains, inflation began rising around 2021. Well aware of what the economy experienced in the 1970s, the Fed responded by raising rates aggressively. For a time, that appeared to bring inflation under control, and the government had even started to lower rates again last year. But then the war with Iran started. That caused energy prices to jump higher, and that, worryingly, has caused inflation to start creeping back up again. In response, the Fed this week was forced to take action, raising rates in an effort to contain inflation before it gains steam. Interest rates on long-term bonds are now at 20-year highs. And because bond prices move inversely to interest rates, bonds are having another difficult year. Total-bond market funds like Vanguard’s BND are now negative year-to-date. Where the bond market goes from here is anyone’s guess, but this history is important, in my view, because bonds are unlikely to see another long, positive stretch like the one investors enjoyed a generation ago. Instead, I believe investors need to be more cautious.  What steps might you take? Since we don’t know whether rates will go higher or lower over any given timeframe, the approach I recommend is to own bonds in each of several categories. That way, you’ll benefit, in part, if rates go up, and you’ll benefit, in part, if rates go down. Here’s how I’d structure a bond portfolio today: For me, the most important thing is to own mostly short-term bonds. Specifically, you might allocate 60% of your bond portfolio to short-term Treasurys, using a fund like Vanguard’s VGSH. This fund should be among the most stable investments available because it’s backed by the U.S. government, which, for better or worse, has the ability to print money to meet its obligations. And its short duration means that, all things being equal, it will be less susceptible to rising interest rates if rates do continue to rise. As a point of reference, in 2022, when rates rose quickly, this fund lost less than 4% of its value. That’s in contrast to total-bond market funds, which lost an extremely unpleasant 13% that year. If you’re in a high tax bracket (over 30%), you could split your short-term holdings between Treasurys, which are taxable at the federal level, and municipal bonds, which are exempt from federal tax. You might consider a short-term municipal fund like Vanguard’s VTES or VWSUX. Next, I’d allocate 20% to intermediate-term bonds. While these will be more susceptible to losses when rates rise, they’ll also gain more when rates fall. Last year, for example, when rates fell, intermediate-term government bond funds like Vanguard’s VGIT gained more than 7%. So I see them as worth the additional risk. That said, if this risk concerns you, there’s a relatively easy alternative: For this part of your portfolio, you could purchase a ladder of individual bonds covering maturities between five and 10 years. While it requires additional effort to purchase individual bonds, what you’ll receive in return is greater certainty. At the moment that you purchase an individual bond, you’ll know the yield to maturity. Barring a default—which is unlikely with a government bond—that’s precisely the return you will earn. For the final 20% of a bond portfolio, I recommend inflation-protected Treasury bonds, known as TIPS. Here again, you could purchase individual bonds or a bond fund, and there’s a lot of debate on this topic. But according to research I find convincing, the best way to protect against inflation is with short-term TIPS. So to keep things simple, I would opt for a fund rather than a ladder of individual bonds, which would require frequent trading. One good fund in this category is Vanguard’s VTIP. At the end of the day, the most important thing, in my view, is to build a bond portfolio that’s diversified enough that you could reliably draw on it in years when stocks are down. And recognizing that even short-term bonds carry some amount of risk, it’s worth also holding a “floor” of cash, using a government money market fund, as an additional element in your portfolio. These won’t gain in value when interest rates fall, but they’re designed not to lose any value if rates rise. Put it all together, and I see this as an effective sleep-at-night structure no matter where things go next. Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles.  
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In Retirement

The Security Money Can’t Buy

"Dana, I feel the same way about my wife. I worry more about how difficult life would be for her without me than I do about myself. Still, I think she’d probably be better equipped to carry on without me than I would be without her. Kind of strange for me to say, since I spent most of my adult life single."
- Dennis Friedman
Read more »

In Retirement

Is your retirement plan counting on a Social Security COLA in the future?

"The many Americans facing cat food diets without their SS should receive COLAs. The upper middle class and wealthy recipients collecting $40,000-$100,000 should not. SS and Medicare should be reformed to lessen the burden on younger generations of workers."
- Paul Ward
Read more »

Investing

What stock would you happily hold for the next 10 years?

"We're 5 years hence from when Jonathan asked this question (in the old school forum format where it would often ask questions of us). How does everyone feel about their picks? I selected Microsoft (MSFT), which is up 73% over the last 5 years. Many picked Apple, and Berkshire. A few others Exxon, Verizon, and some others. What do you think? Would you stick with your selection or switch? I don't think anyone had even heard of Nvidia 5 years ago."
- Ben Rodriguez
Read more »

Investing

Target Maturity Bond Funds

"Thanks David. For a little more context- we run about a 80/20 bonds& cash/ equity mix in Buckets# 1+2 (with the equity portion in Total U.S. & Total International indices)- rebalanced annually.  Bucket#3 is typically 70/30 equity/ bonds mix.  I fluctuate the Bucket #3 mix over the years and run a higher equity mix at times after market corrections. Again, rebalance annually to my prevailing target mix. The bonds sit in Rollover IRA, the ROTH is almost 100% equity.  BTW: I don’t disagree with the 100% equity approach in Bucket#3 ( 10+ years out) I’m just a bit conservative I guess.  This plan assumes zero future Social Security benefit will be received at 70 and later. I swore off that institution at age 29, invested and saved accordingly since and will donate anything we get from S.S. to veterans’ causes. "
- Dunn Werking
Read more »

From HumbleDollar Founder Jonathan Clements

Lists

Why HumbleDollar?

IN OUR 20s, WE TEND to be a confident lot: We figure we know what we want from our life, that the goal is…
Read more »

Health

My Name is Dan, and I’m a CPAP User

"Ps I store mine in the bottom drawer of my nightstand and get a 10 ft hose instead of 6. Having it so far below the bed cuts any noise WAY down."
- Heidi - SunnyMoneyDIY
Read more »

Taxes

Shouldn’t property taxes be a realistic part of retirement planning? Sorry, I think this is a major financial and social issue.

"John, too often when school taxes are under discussion I find that loaded word "results" to be a tool for hiding multiple red herrings in the interest of opposing public education in general. The question of how to assess "results" disappears in debates over math and reading scores, dropout rates, graduation percentages and college enrollment rates, where too often a red number is leveraged as justification for voting against any property tax increases for schools. In cases such as yours, you may find that the rising tax spending despite declining enrollment may be for school infrastructure -- the construction and repair costs for maintaining school buildings have absolutely exploded -- or for upgrading technology enabling students to meet rapidly changing tech demands in the job market, or the rising costs of maintaining extracurricular activities vital to creating a "whole" person ready to face the world, whether it's sports or music or art or literature. The raw number of students is not a major factor in those costs. Personally, I always vote for school bonds and property tax increases for schools -- not because I've ever had kids in the schools, but because I'm selfish. When I'm gone, I want my widow to be able to sell our house for more. Multiple studies have shown that school spending increases local property values. A 2020 study by the Harvard Kennedy School found that a 1 percent increase in school spending increases local house prices by 0.95 percent. An earlier study found that for every $1 increase in per pupil school expenditure, per pupil housing values increase by about $20. And when school bonds or taxes are voted down, house hunters who want quality public education for their kids may steer away from the community towards one that does support school funding. Home prices can actually drop. "
- Mike Gaynes
Read more »

Spending

Anyone For S.K.I.ing?

"Mike, please tell me you got a killer deal on the Cadillac before you blew the kids' inheritance on it!"
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

Behavior

Time Is Priceless

"Jim, thank you. Your words really touched me. Losing Doug gives your thoughts about time a meaning that goes far beyond money. We can spend years building financial security, but in the end, what many of us would give anything to have more of is time with someone we love. I also understand what you mean about looking back 30, 40 or 50 years and wondering how it could possibly have passed so quickly. Those years somehow feel both distant and like yesterday. I’m grateful for your friendship, Jim, and I hope there are many more memories still ahead of us. You’re right, time really is more precious than money."
- Andrew Clements
Read more »

Free Newsletter

Get Educated

Manifesto

NO. 77: TO BUY ourselves happiness, often the best strategy is to not buy anything at all. That can leave us with a plump bank account and the sense of financial security it offers.

Truths

NO. 100: THE BIGGEST “death tax” paid by your family will probably be the income taxes still owed on your retirement accounts. One possibility: Pay the tax to convert part of your traditional IRA to a tax-free Roth IRA, and then bequeath that account—an especially smart move if your heirs are likely to be in a higher income-tax bracket than you.

think

SHILLER P/E. Named after economist Robert Shiller, the Shiller price-earnings ratio—also known as the cyclically adjusted P/E ratio or CAPE—compares current stock prices to average inflation-adjusted earnings for the past 10 years. That smooths out cyclical fluctuations in corporate profits—a problem that can distort conventional P/E multiples.

act

LOOK FOR TAX savings—by reviewing your recent tax returns. Two danger signs: lots of interest income and realized capital gains, especially short-term capital gains. What to do? Avoid trading so much or, if necessary, confine it to a retirement account. Also use a retirement account to hold your taxable bonds and other tax-inefficient investments.

Safety net

Manifesto

NO. 77: TO BUY ourselves happiness, often the best strategy is to not buy anything at all. That can leave us with a plump bank account and the sense of financial security it offers.

Spotlight: Lists

Join me on a trip down memory lane. It’s likely too long a trip for many readers

Regular HD readers know how old I am, but just for fun how about a trip down memory lane to a very different time. 

When I was a child an ice cream cone was a dime, a slice of pizza was $0.15. There were no malls. Where there are malls today, there were dairy and cattle farms.
When I was really young our milk was delivered by horse and wagon kept cool by blocks of ice. 

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O.K., I Give Up, You Win!

I have been getting more and more frustrated with many friends and relatives, I have tried, in vain , to share what I have learned from HumbleDollar, Ben Graham, William Bernstein , et.al..
I have decided that henceforth, whenever someone asks me what they should do with some cash, perhaps from the sale of a house in an estate sale, a small inheritance, or what investments to choose in a retirement plan, I now say, ”

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Conflicting News

I am certainly nearer the end of my life than the beginning. and I thought it wise to ask around, talking with everyday people, trying to get a good, accurate analysis of the overall economic outlook. Some may find this silly, after all, why  not just heed the advice and wisdom of all of the experts, offering their views on market conditions, the direction of interest rates, both short and long term, etc.  But, nothing ventured,

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15 Tasks for Today

No, we don’t need to complete all 15 tasks by the end of this day. Still, we might knock them out by the end of the year. Meanwhile, I suspect that long before we’ve checked off the last of the list, we’ll experience less worry, better sleep–and hear fewer nagging reminders from our family.
1. Run an estimate of our 2026 taxes, while there might still be time to mull over, say, the size of a charitable donation or Roth conversion,

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Ask Me a Tough One

I’m not expecting readers to answer all eight of the thorny questions listed below. But I’d love to hear your thoughts on one or two.

What in your past or about your personality explains your investment risk tolerance?
What uses of money—giving it away, saving it, specific purchases—bring you the greatest joy?
Would you be okay financially if U.S. stocks had a 0% total return over the next 10 years?
If you’re still working, what would it take for you to leave the workforce with a sense of satisfaction?

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Pre-Retirement List

At Thanksgiving, my son-in-law was asking me a number of financially related questions about retirement.  He’s about 10 years away from retirement, but he knew I retired last year, so it was fresh in my mind.  I created the following pre-retirement list for him to think about.  Update: The list has been updated based on comments from the HD community.
 HD Community:  Are there any financially-related things you did to prepare for retirement that aren’t listed below? 

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Spotlight: Gartland

Health Is Wealth

A FEW YEARS AGO, I came across an announcement for a blueberry festival in Hammonton, New Jersey. My wife is always up for doing something different, so we made our way there one summer day. It turned out to be a great way to spend the day and learn the history of New Jersey’s blueberry industry. The industry was founded by a woman looking to expand the crops on her family’s farm around the turn of the 20th century. What I learned that day has changed my life—or, at least, what I eat for breakfast. First, the history: Elizabeth White was the oldest daughter of a cranberry farmer in the Pine Barrens section of New Jersey. She came across an article from the U.S. Department of Agriculture discussing what would be needed to turn blueberries from a wild species into a farmed crop. Elizabeth volunteered her family farm as the test site. It turned out that the sandy, acidic soil of coastal New Jersey was well-suited for blueberries. She cultivated several new blueberry varieties and then developed methods to boost production. Heavily populated New Jersey is still among the top six states for blueberry growing, producing more than 22,000 tons in 2022. What do blueberries have to do with personal finance? They’re considered a superfood, one that’s jam-packed with nutrients. This means that, from an efficiency standpoint, eating blueberries provides a large percentage of the daily nutrients our bodies need. The cost of health care in the U.S. is staggering. The older we get, the more our bodies tend to break down. The less money we spend on doctor visits and prescriptions, the more we have to invest or spend. Blueberries are my means to a healthier, wealthier life. I sprinkle blueberries on my cereal every morning. It may not…
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First Things First

THE FIRST TIME I GOT laid off, I was working in an insurance company’s training and development department. I’d been working in another department at the company when I saw a job posting for the position. The training department was looking for someone with subject matter expertise and experience in teaching. At that point, I’d been working in property and casualty underwriting for 14 years. On top of that, I was a certified instructor for the Dale Carnegie course in public speaking. This opportunity appeared to be a perfect match for me, and it was. The training department appreciated my knowledge of insurance underwriting, as well as my ability to stand up and lead a class. This was a skill set the department was lacking until I came along. Everything was working in my favor. I thought I’d found my niche. And then it ended. The company was experiencing financial difficulties due to a slew of costly claims resulting from hurricanes, tornadoes and floods. The first department to be dissolved was the training department. I was given a generous severance package. The company also paid for an outplacement service. The service gave laid-off workers an office space to go to, with coffee, fax services, research materials and classes to help us get back on our feet. The outplacement service’s stated objective was to guide us not just to a new job, but to the perfect job. I’d always wanted a successful career, and I believed the service could be my ticket to the utopian experience I’d been hoping for. One of the biggest advantages of losing my job this time around: I wasn’t alone. My whole department was shut down, so we were all in the same boat. We all needed a new job, and finding the ideal job was…
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Playing It Safe

I TOOK MY FIRST cross-country car trip in 1972. It was the summer of my junior year in college. I’d be graduating the following year and embarking on working life. This would be my last chance for a while to take a long trip. I was traveling by myself, so I had the freedom to decide exactly what I wanted to do. That’s what brought me to Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado. One of the greatest auto races in America is the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. It’s a timed race. Each car travels up the road alone, racing against the clock. When I saw the race, the course was a dirt road. Eventually, it began to be paved. Now, the road is completely paved so the race times are faster since a paved road offers more traction. The race on dirt was much more exciting. As a car took a curve, it would slide sideways. The driver would have to turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction while keeping his foot on the accelerator to keep from going over the side. When you slide, you’re losing time, so it’s important to recover quickly. I remember watching the race from one of the curves. A group of young kids was watching from close to the edge, while their parents stood farther away from the road. As one of the faster, more aggressive cars raced past us, it kicked up a huge plume of dirt, dust and rocks. It was an exciting moment. But it was the words of one of the parents that’s stayed with me all these years. A kid—who’d had dust and dirt thrown at him by the passing car—ran back to his father in a great excitement. His father’s response: “Don’t spit out any teeth.”…
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Don’t Procrastinate

BY THE 1990s, New York City had been in decline for decades. What brought about the city’s recovery? It was, in part, the broken windows theory. Picture a vacant building with one window broken. Most people wouldn’t think much of it. But this one broken window sends a signal—and, soon enough, others get broken. How do you reverse this decline? It’s easy: You get rid of the broken windows, and make sure things stay that way. What does this have to do with money? I took my first personal finance course as a community college freshman. The teacher didn’t have a finance background. Still, he offered the class his theory about personal finance. He said he fixes things quickly rather than procrastinating over problems. For instance, if his car had a cracked taillight but the bulb still worked, it wouldn’t be an issue to continue driving the car. But he felt that, if he didn’t replace the taillight, water would get into the light socket and cause more damage. The cost of the resulting damage would far exceed the cost of a new taillight. That idea has stayed with me to this day. Taking care of the little things early in the game can save us money in the long run. For instance, after accidents and surgeries, failing to go to physical therapy has caused many of my friends to end up with reduced mobility. Similarly, not caulking your windows can result in water leaking into your house, plus the resulting draft can cause your heating and air-conditioning bills to soar. Caulk is cheap. Heating and AC bills are not. Fixing minor problems before they get bigger can not only boost pride of ownership, but also it can save you money in the long run. In my old field of…
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Words Escape Me

I'M A TERRIBLE READER. I have been my entire life. This was very upsetting to my mother, who felt reading was the key to success. In fact, my entire family were great readers. Sunday’s New York Times was a fixture in my parents’ house. They’d spend hours reading every section. I hated it. My father was born in the Hell’s Kitchen section of New York City. He attended Purdue University, studying chemical engineering, but didn’t graduate. Still, he loved to read. I was told by one of his school buddies that my father would buy a paperback and read it while waiting for his friend to arrive. When the friend arrived, he’d tear out the section he just read, throw it away and stuff the rest in his pocket. My mother was determined to make me a great reader. She invested a good deal of money sending me to private reading programs, with the goal of increasing my reading speed and comprehension. It didn’t work. I had to work hard to get through school and college. I chose mathematics as my major because there was less reading, while my minor was economics, so I could better understand money. My post-graduate insurance studies involved a great deal of reading. All this work. All this reading. It was maddening. To this day, when I have time available and I feel like reading, it’ll usually be something that has a practical benefit. I also enjoy reading biographies. I’ve always found learning about other people's lives, and how and why they did what they did, fascinating. These biographies have included those of industrial giants like Andrew Carnegie, who emigrated to America, made a fortune and gave it all away. Or his righthand man, Charles M. Schwab, who was paid $1 million a year by Andrew…
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Retirement Ready

THE LAST TIME I HAD a job where I was eligible for a pension was 1994. People with pensions seem to count the days till they’re eligible to collect their monthly check. That makes sense: They know there’s gold at the end of their working life. I didn’t have this sort of “golden parachute.” If I didn’t save, I couldn’t retire. From 1994 on, funding my 401(k) and IRA were my only paths to a comfortable retirement. I never had a target amount. I just kept setting aside a portion of my salary in my 401(k) until I left that particular job. I’d then roll over the money to my IRA, being sure to advise the human resources department what I was doing. The first job I left, I didn’t make it clear to HR that I wanted to roll over the money to an IRA, rather than spend it, and a big chunk was withheld for taxes. Lesson learned. Based on my history of getting laid off, I knew the day would arrive when I couldn’t get another decent job and I’d need to accept retirement. This was a scary thought. I knew having enough money for retirement was important, but what would I do with my time? I kept a look out for articles that described the cost of retirement, places to live and things to do. They all sounded great for people with pensions. But what about people like me, who needed to rely on their savings? Then I found a quirky book titled The Joy of Not Working by Ernie J. Zelinski. There’s joy in not working? I never allowed myself that luxury. Working and making money were all I wanted and all I knew. I wasn’t that good at either, but it was what I…
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