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Despite what the talking heads say, it’s never “a stock picker’s market.” As a group, pickers of stocks are always market laggards.

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No Exception

FRENCH HISTORIAN Alexis de Tocqueville toured the U.S. in the 1830s and chronicled his observations in a book titled Democracy in America. What mainly impressed him was Americans’ focus on trade and commerce. They have a “purely practical” mindset, he wrote, and concluded that “the position of the American is quite exceptional.” In the years since, others have picked up on this concept of “American exceptionalism.” Despite recent political and economic crosscurrents, the gap between the U.S. economy and its peers has only widened, especially over the past dozen years. Between 1990 and 2012, according to an analysis by author Larry Swedroe, corporate earnings in the U.S. grew no faster than in other countries. But since 2012, American companies’ profits have multiplied while—in aggregate—international companies’ earnings have stagnated. As a result, markets in the U.S. have far outpaced their international peers. This has made investing outside the U.S. feel like a losing proposition for quite some time. On the surface, this seems easy to explain. In the U.S., entrepreneurship is key to our DNA, and our regulatory regime makes it easy to get a business started. Hewlett and Packard got their start in Packard’s garage. Gates and Zuckerberg founded trillion-dollar companies in their dorm rooms. Jensen Huang launched Nvidia from a booth at Denny’s. By contrast, on the other side of the Atlantic, regulations make it harder to build a business. There aren’t any companies in Europe comparable to the “Magnificent Seven” technology firms in the U.S., and there are just a handful elsewhere in the world. In the European Union, working hours are strictly limited. In 2023, when the French government tried to raise the official retirement age from 62 to 64, more than a million people took to the streets to protest. Through this lens, the U.S. economy's outperformance seems to make sense. But this story may be oversimplified. Indeed, since the beginning of this year, markets in the U.S. have begun to falter. Domestic stocks are mostly in negative territory, while stocks outside the U.S. have delivered solid positive performance. This has people taking a second look at the question of American exceptionalism. Specifically, the question investors are asking is: To what degree should a portfolio be diversified internationally? This isn’t such an easy question. Ask the Vanguard Group to construct a portfolio, and it’ll be split roughly 60-40 between domestic and international stocks. Vanguard’s view is that there’s no reason to favor any one country or region of the world over another, and thus investors’ portfolios should simply reflect the relative weightings of world markets. But Vanguard's founder, the late Jack Bogle, took an entirely different view. He didn’t hesitate to tell people that his personal portfolio was 100% domestic. U.S. stocks, he felt, were entirely sufficient. There is, in short, no consensus on this question. Still, to gain clarity, we can consult the data. In a 2023 paper titled “Still Not Crazy After All These Years,” hedge fund manager Cliff Asness examined the outperformance of domestic stocks, performing what’s known as attribution analysis to uncover the sources of that performance. His conclusion: The lion’s share of domestic stocks’ impressive gains over the prior 15 years wasn’t due to earnings growth. It wasn’t, in other words, due to the exceptionalism of American companies. Instead, those companies’ stocks had, for the most part, just become more expensive. Even though U.S. stocks have given up some of their lead this year, that valuation gap is still very significant. Using the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio as a measure, domestic stocks today are still 40% more expensive than their peers in developed markets outside the U.S. Boosters of a domestic-only approach are quick to reply that American stocks deserve higher valuations. There is no "Magnificent Seven” anywhere outside the U.S., they argue, and these companies’ scale and impressive growth warrant higher valuations. But that argument quickly falls apart. As Asness points out, domestic and international stocks traded at comparable valuations as recently as 2007. The valuation gap is a new phenomenon. According to the Swedroe analysis referenced above, another factor has contributed to domestic stocks’ outperformance: Between 2008 and 2024, the U.S. dollar appreciated nearly 20% against international currencies. This depressed the value of international stocks for U.S. investors, thus further boosting the relative performance of domestic stocks. There is, however, no guarantee that this trend will continue—and, indeed, it could reverse. To be sure, there are unique aspects to the U.S. economy, and de Tocqueville’s observations have validity. But a quantitative analysis suggests that the extreme U.S. outperformance we’ve seen over the past dozen years may not continue indefinitely. Despite some erosion this year, domestic stocks still carry elevated valuations compared to international markets, and the U.S. dollar is still expensive. This is worth paying attention to, because ultimately valuations do matter. Investments that are expensive usually don’t offer the same prospective returns. That’s certainly what history suggests. While it may be hard to remember, there have been multi-year periods when international stocks have outperformed the U.S. market. In fact, a chart of domestic vs. international stocks looks a little like a sine wave, with performance alternating over time. For that reason, I continue to recommend an allocation to international stocks. How much? I suggest something in the neighborhood of 20%. According to the data, that’s enough to deliver a diversification benefit, but not so much that it introduces significant currency risk. A final note: You might notice that I haven’t mentioned the proximate cause of the valuation shifts we’ve seen this year—the new administration’s tariff policies. I’m not focusing on this specifically because I see it as just one example of how markets can shift unexpectedly. In choosing an international allocation—or any other aspect of your portfolio—I recommend taking the long view. My advice: Choose a structure that you think will make sense regardless of who is in the White House or where the economy happens to stand at any given time. Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

This may be my shortest rant and contribution to HD and it’s about old folk. 

"Don’t understand the pushback. Agree with the premise of your rant but not with the degree of avarice you subscribe to seniors. And not sure where you hear all these demands from the “gimme more” chorus. Unfair to throw all seniors “under the bus”for the malcontents. if you read my comments carefully you will note that when I “enlarging our investments “ It was clearly in favor of benefitting the young. The youth of our country are our hope for the future. Would you have us believe they were raised by greedy, entitled seniors? Easy as it goes, Dick."
- Marjorie Kondrack
Read more »

Going against the grain

""The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind" , Bob Dylan. My career choices and what I ended up with turned out to be decided by the time and the society I lived in. My choice was just a downpayment or a bet. The return was realized or not by forces in the world beyond my prediction, far beyond my control. From a penniless refugee in a foreign land, I discovered the America with many paths to personal actualization, allowing me to attend college to get several engineering degrees. I was trained to be a nuclear engineer after the 1973 energy crisis, then the 1979 Three-Mile Island accident stopped the nuclear industry. I got a chemical engineering Ph.D., and the oil industry went into near collapse in the 1980s. I eventually became a top-secret military rocket scientist for 10 years, building a new generation of rockets to install the first constellation of GPS satellites. Then, the government decided to buy cheap old Soviet rockets instead of supporting homegrown rocketry R&D after the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. I found a new career path by going back to school for another 9 years to get a medical degree. The primary care medical career was rewarding but the Covid-19 pandemics forced me into early retirement against my wish - my body was literally exhausted. I often smile with the thought: "only in America!""
- quan nguyen
Read more »

Fishing for Feedback

"Richard Stauffer, your experience and mine confirm that Wells Fargo is the last institution an investor should ask for financial advice."
- Michael Flack
Read more »

Top Five Expense Categories and Inflation Factor

"Thanks for sharing, Norman! That was very helpful. Our expenses were at 65%, but this year they increased to 69% of SS and pensions, similar to what you mentioned."
- Cheryl Low
Read more »

Tasting Retirement

I'M TRYING MY HAND at retirement. It isn’t going so well. As a teenager and when I was in my early 20s, I would take to the couch and happily spend the day consuming a novel. Could I do that at age 62? It seems not. At some point over the past four decades, I lost the ability to do things solely for my own enjoyment. It seems the endless demands of work, family and household chores have crushed my inner self-absorbed teenager. Am I missing out? I’m not sure. Sleeping in. This is relative. Before my diagnosis, I’d regularly get up at 5 a.m. Today, I’ll often stay in bed past 6. This is partly a conscious attempt to sleep more and partly because my body needs more sleep. My cancer, coupled with my treatment, can leave me feeling pretty fatigued. Still, after decades of getting seven hours of sleep a night and often less, it feels like a great luxury to linger longer in bed. This is one part of my “retirement” that I’ve successfully embraced. Travel. Since my diagnosis 11 months ago, Elaine and I have visited Ireland (twice), London and Paris, gone on a cruise, taken the kids and their families for a long weekend at a luxury resort, and made a number of shorter trips to places nearby. Many dollars have been spent. Has it been worth it? Some of the trips have been great. Others have been more of a struggle. Since late October, my mobility has been all over the map, a result of the cancer spreading to my spine. At its worst, I could barely walk a city block. After radiation treatment, I can almost feel like my old self, and have no problem walking. Even then, fatigue is an issue, and it’s especially bad when coupled with the changing time zones that accompany transatlantic trips. Before my diagnosis, Elaine and I had a wish list of places we wanted to visit, perhaps staying for weeks at a time. But those travel dreams have been largely nixed. It’s been tough for me to leave town for more than a week or so, given my endless medical appointments. All this is a reminder of what I’ve often read from HumbleDollar commenters, which is that retirees should travel while they can, because you never know when deteriorating health might steal that from you. Television. I’m ambivalent about TV, inclined to view it as a passive activity that usually isn’t worth the time invested. Still, in recent months, I’ve started to watch sports on TV every so often, something I stopped doing more than 25 years ago. Elaine and I also occasionally watch an episode of our latest TV series during the middle of the day, which feels like the height of decadence. I may even pay to stream July’s Tour de France, though I’m not sure I want to commit the necessary hours to take full advantage. Family. With my diagnosis, my family—my two kids, my mother, my three siblings—have rallied around me. We speak more often on the phone and see each other more frequently. If there’s an upside to my illness, this is it. Still, I’m not sure all of the above amounts to much of a retirement. Don’t I have any hobbies, you might wonder? I did—bicycling—and I imagined retirement would give me the chance to explore the Pennsylvania countryside on two wheels. But because I've had balance issues, the doctors ordered me to stop riding outside when I got my diagnosis, so the only cycling I do these days is in the basement. Any other hobbies? The problem, and I’m not sure it is one, is that my hobby is my work. I no longer spend my days editing articles for HumbleDollar. Those edited articles have been replaced by the pieces that the site’s readers post directly to the Forum. But while I’m no longer editing, I still devote part of each day to various writing projects and to monitoring activity on HumbleDollar. I enjoy it, and I think it’s a worthy use of my time. But I’m not sure others would consider what I do each day to be anything akin to retirement. Is there a lesson here? Perhaps. While HumbleDollar might be a community united by a desire to discuss financial issues in a civil and intelligent manner, the debates within the Forum highlight readers’ many differences. Among them: the virtues of budgeting, the wisdom of investing abroad, when to claim Social Security, whether to favor individual bonds over bond funds, how much to travel, the desirability of continuing care retirement communities, whether to buy income annuities, and much more. Similarly, there’s no one definition of retirement, and what makes others happy likely won’t work for you and me. Don’t like the way others are spending their retirement? That’s an easy one: Don’t do what they’re doing. Jonathan Clements is the founder and editor of HumbleDollar. Follow him on X @ClementsMoney and on Facebook, and check out his earlier posts. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

Building Connections by Marjorie Kondrack

"The Connections: Wall Street Journal Columnists Morgan Housel, Walt Mossberg, Jason Zweig, Joe Morgenstern, & our own Jonathan Tech Company Founders Billy Gates, Larry Page, Jeff Bezos, Stevie Jobs, & Mark Zuckerberg Woman Financial Writers Suze Orman, Jean Chatzky, Jane Bryant Quinn, Christine Benz, & Michelle Singletary Brokerage Firm Founders Vlad Tenev, Charles Schwab, John Bogle, Edward Johnson, & Thomas Peterffy Financial Bloggers Paula Pant, Peter Adeney, Sam Dogen, Katie Tassin, & Nick Maggiulli"
- John Yeigh
Read more »

My Favorite Election

"Bill, thanks for your reply and info. I actually used FreeTaxUSA for our most recent return (on the recommendation of Marjorie and Dan). I didn't check if it might include, under "elections", a way to do a Sec. 266 statement since we had income from our lot last year (and so took deductions on Sched. E). But I will definitely look for this in future years without income."
- Andrew Forsythe
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I want to see less of me on the internet

"It looks like the only references to me are from this site, as I use screen names elsewhere."
- mytimetotravel
Read more »

How Not to Move

THE SAGA IS FINALLY over—18 months and $50,000 later. That’s what my clever moving strategy cost, including taxes, interest, insurance, utilities and some maintenance on the house I hadn’t lived in for more than a year. My strategy was intended to lessen stress, but instead it did just the opposite. This all started because our 1929 house became too much to cope with, the stairs became too much for my wife—and I resisted moving for too long. My son the realtor kept encouraging us to move. We finally agreed to look at a condo in a 55-plus community that’s literally 100 feet from our current town line. The new condo meant we could keep all of our friends and community connections built over many decades. I learned a hard lesson about selling a house: Price matters—a lot. When we decided to move, the collective wisdom of neighbors and realtors was that a good price was about $600,000. Based on that guesstimate, we bought our condo for $580,000. More cash would soon be in our future, or so we thought. Instead, to sell our house, we had to accept $505,000, plus pay $2,000 to remove a previously abandoned and inspected oil tank, and another $3,500 to repair the driveway above where the tank used to be. My advice: If you have an oil tank buried in your yard, get rid of it now. The good news is, Zillow tells me our new condo is now worth $621,000. Another unit the same size in my building just sold for $665,000. I’ll never see the money, but my kids will be happy someday. Based on my unrealistic assumptions about how long it would take us to clean out the house and get it sold, I took out a short-term mortgage to buy the $580,000 condo. I put down the minimum and borrowed the rest, resulting in a steep 5.375% interest rate. In the end, after closing costs, I cleared $475,000 on the sale of the old house. The upshot: I must now come up with cash to pay off the remaining mortgage. That means either I sell investments or I lie awake each night stressing over the mortgage payment for a few more months. Thinking of downsizing? Here are seven tips:
  1. Start by defining your goals and priorities. Are you seeking to save money, reduce the hassles that come with a house, accommodate physical limits, move to a more desirable location or increase your social interaction with your age group?
  2. Decide where and what type of residence you want, taking into account current and likely future physical limitations. Age-based community, freestanding house, townhouse, condo, rental property or continuing care community?
  3. Start cleaning out your accumulated stuff sooner rather than later. Trust me, your kids don’t want your stuff—not even the good china or silver.
  4. Figure out in advance the transition from old home to new. Can you buy before you sell? If not, once you have an offer for your current place, are you prepared to clean out the old house in a short period of time, while looking for a new place to live?
  5. The younger you are, the easier it’ll be. I’m 76 and my wife is 80. That’s at least 15 years too late—speaking now from experience.
  6. Don’t jump unless you and your spouse are in total agreement on every aspect of the move. Okay, that’s unrealistic when it comes to cleaning out long-forgotten treasures. Give in now—and wait until it’s apparent there’s no place for those treasures in the new home.
  7. Are you counting on saving money or at least breaking even by downsizing? Run the numbers. My property taxes dropped by $2,000, and my insurance and utility bills were halved. I have no cost for snow removal, landscaping or home maintenance. But my homeowner’s association fee is $800 per month.
Now comes the really hard part: letting go. Even though we’ve lived in our new condo since September 2018, reality set in as we turned over the key to the old homestead. Our children came for one last look. My wife took pictures of every room and wanted to meet the buyers, so she could feel the house would be in good hands. I’m trying to be stoic, but it’s not working: 44 years in one place raising a family leaves a lot of memories. Old age makes those memories far more valuable than all the accumulated stuff.

Richard Quinn blogs at QuinnsCommentary.com. Before retiring in 2010, Dick was a compensation and benefits executive. His earlier articles include Change Our WaysHome At Last and Know Your Demons. Follow Dick on Twitter @QuinnsComments.

[xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

No Exception

FRENCH HISTORIAN Alexis de Tocqueville toured the U.S. in the 1830s and chronicled his observations in a book titled Democracy in America. What mainly impressed him was Americans’ focus on trade and commerce. They have a “purely practical” mindset, he wrote, and concluded that “the position of the American is quite exceptional.” In the years since, others have picked up on this concept of “American exceptionalism.” Despite recent political and economic crosscurrents, the gap between the U.S. economy and its peers has only widened, especially over the past dozen years. Between 1990 and 2012, according to an analysis by author Larry Swedroe, corporate earnings in the U.S. grew no faster than in other countries. But since 2012, American companies’ profits have multiplied while—in aggregate—international companies’ earnings have stagnated. As a result, markets in the U.S. have far outpaced their international peers. This has made investing outside the U.S. feel like a losing proposition for quite some time. On the surface, this seems easy to explain. In the U.S., entrepreneurship is key to our DNA, and our regulatory regime makes it easy to get a business started. Hewlett and Packard got their start in Packard’s garage. Gates and Zuckerberg founded trillion-dollar companies in their dorm rooms. Jensen Huang launched Nvidia from a booth at Denny’s. By contrast, on the other side of the Atlantic, regulations make it harder to build a business. There aren’t any companies in Europe comparable to the “Magnificent Seven” technology firms in the U.S., and there are just a handful elsewhere in the world. In the European Union, working hours are strictly limited. In 2023, when the French government tried to raise the official retirement age from 62 to 64, more than a million people took to the streets to protest. Through this lens, the U.S. economy's outperformance seems to make sense. But this story may be oversimplified. Indeed, since the beginning of this year, markets in the U.S. have begun to falter. Domestic stocks are mostly in negative territory, while stocks outside the U.S. have delivered solid positive performance. This has people taking a second look at the question of American exceptionalism. Specifically, the question investors are asking is: To what degree should a portfolio be diversified internationally? This isn’t such an easy question. Ask the Vanguard Group to construct a portfolio, and it’ll be split roughly 60-40 between domestic and international stocks. Vanguard’s view is that there’s no reason to favor any one country or region of the world over another, and thus investors’ portfolios should simply reflect the relative weightings of world markets. But Vanguard's founder, the late Jack Bogle, took an entirely different view. He didn’t hesitate to tell people that his personal portfolio was 100% domestic. U.S. stocks, he felt, were entirely sufficient. There is, in short, no consensus on this question. Still, to gain clarity, we can consult the data. In a 2023 paper titled “Still Not Crazy After All These Years,” hedge fund manager Cliff Asness examined the outperformance of domestic stocks, performing what’s known as attribution analysis to uncover the sources of that performance. His conclusion: The lion’s share of domestic stocks’ impressive gains over the prior 15 years wasn’t due to earnings growth. It wasn’t, in other words, due to the exceptionalism of American companies. Instead, those companies’ stocks had, for the most part, just become more expensive. Even though U.S. stocks have given up some of their lead this year, that valuation gap is still very significant. Using the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio as a measure, domestic stocks today are still 40% more expensive than their peers in developed markets outside the U.S. Boosters of a domestic-only approach are quick to reply that American stocks deserve higher valuations. There is no "Magnificent Seven” anywhere outside the U.S., they argue, and these companies’ scale and impressive growth warrant higher valuations. But that argument quickly falls apart. As Asness points out, domestic and international stocks traded at comparable valuations as recently as 2007. The valuation gap is a new phenomenon. According to the Swedroe analysis referenced above, another factor has contributed to domestic stocks’ outperformance: Between 2008 and 2024, the U.S. dollar appreciated nearly 20% against international currencies. This depressed the value of international stocks for U.S. investors, thus further boosting the relative performance of domestic stocks. There is, however, no guarantee that this trend will continue—and, indeed, it could reverse. To be sure, there are unique aspects to the U.S. economy, and de Tocqueville’s observations have validity. But a quantitative analysis suggests that the extreme U.S. outperformance we’ve seen over the past dozen years may not continue indefinitely. Despite some erosion this year, domestic stocks still carry elevated valuations compared to international markets, and the U.S. dollar is still expensive. This is worth paying attention to, because ultimately valuations do matter. Investments that are expensive usually don’t offer the same prospective returns. That’s certainly what history suggests. While it may be hard to remember, there have been multi-year periods when international stocks have outperformed the U.S. market. In fact, a chart of domestic vs. international stocks looks a little like a sine wave, with performance alternating over time. For that reason, I continue to recommend an allocation to international stocks. How much? I suggest something in the neighborhood of 20%. According to the data, that’s enough to deliver a diversification benefit, but not so much that it introduces significant currency risk. A final note: You might notice that I haven’t mentioned the proximate cause of the valuation shifts we’ve seen this year—the new administration’s tariff policies. I’m not focusing on this specifically because I see it as just one example of how markets can shift unexpectedly. In choosing an international allocation—or any other aspect of your portfolio—I recommend taking the long view. My advice: Choose a structure that you think will make sense regardless of who is in the White House or where the economy happens to stand at any given time. Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

This may be my shortest rant and contribution to HD and it’s about old folk. 

"Don’t understand the pushback. Agree with the premise of your rant but not with the degree of avarice you subscribe to seniors. And not sure where you hear all these demands from the “gimme more” chorus. Unfair to throw all seniors “under the bus”for the malcontents. if you read my comments carefully you will note that when I “enlarging our investments “ It was clearly in favor of benefitting the young. The youth of our country are our hope for the future. Would you have us believe they were raised by greedy, entitled seniors? Easy as it goes, Dick."
- Marjorie Kondrack
Read more »

Going against the grain

""The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind" , Bob Dylan. My career choices and what I ended up with turned out to be decided by the time and the society I lived in. My choice was just a downpayment or a bet. The return was realized or not by forces in the world beyond my prediction, far beyond my control. From a penniless refugee in a foreign land, I discovered the America with many paths to personal actualization, allowing me to attend college to get several engineering degrees. I was trained to be a nuclear engineer after the 1973 energy crisis, then the 1979 Three-Mile Island accident stopped the nuclear industry. I got a chemical engineering Ph.D., and the oil industry went into near collapse in the 1980s. I eventually became a top-secret military rocket scientist for 10 years, building a new generation of rockets to install the first constellation of GPS satellites. Then, the government decided to buy cheap old Soviet rockets instead of supporting homegrown rocketry R&D after the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. I found a new career path by going back to school for another 9 years to get a medical degree. The primary care medical career was rewarding but the Covid-19 pandemics forced me into early retirement against my wish - my body was literally exhausted. I often smile with the thought: "only in America!""
- quan nguyen
Read more »

Fishing for Feedback

"Richard Stauffer, your experience and mine confirm that Wells Fargo is the last institution an investor should ask for financial advice."
- Michael Flack
Read more »

Top Five Expense Categories and Inflation Factor

"Thanks for sharing, Norman! That was very helpful. Our expenses were at 65%, but this year they increased to 69% of SS and pensions, similar to what you mentioned."
- Cheryl Low
Read more »

Tasting Retirement

I'M TRYING MY HAND at retirement. It isn’t going so well. As a teenager and when I was in my early 20s, I would take to the couch and happily spend the day consuming a novel. Could I do that at age 62? It seems not. At some point over the past four decades, I lost the ability to do things solely for my own enjoyment. It seems the endless demands of work, family and household chores have crushed my inner self-absorbed teenager. Am I missing out? I’m not sure. Sleeping in. This is relative. Before my diagnosis, I’d regularly get up at 5 a.m. Today, I’ll often stay in bed past 6. This is partly a conscious attempt to sleep more and partly because my body needs more sleep. My cancer, coupled with my treatment, can leave me feeling pretty fatigued. Still, after decades of getting seven hours of sleep a night and often less, it feels like a great luxury to linger longer in bed. This is one part of my “retirement” that I’ve successfully embraced. Travel. Since my diagnosis 11 months ago, Elaine and I have visited Ireland (twice), London and Paris, gone on a cruise, taken the kids and their families for a long weekend at a luxury resort, and made a number of shorter trips to places nearby. Many dollars have been spent. Has it been worth it? Some of the trips have been great. Others have been more of a struggle. Since late October, my mobility has been all over the map, a result of the cancer spreading to my spine. At its worst, I could barely walk a city block. After radiation treatment, I can almost feel like my old self, and have no problem walking. Even then, fatigue is an issue, and it’s especially bad when coupled with the changing time zones that accompany transatlantic trips. Before my diagnosis, Elaine and I had a wish list of places we wanted to visit, perhaps staying for weeks at a time. But those travel dreams have been largely nixed. It’s been tough for me to leave town for more than a week or so, given my endless medical appointments. All this is a reminder of what I’ve often read from HumbleDollar commenters, which is that retirees should travel while they can, because you never know when deteriorating health might steal that from you. Television. I’m ambivalent about TV, inclined to view it as a passive activity that usually isn’t worth the time invested. Still, in recent months, I’ve started to watch sports on TV every so often, something I stopped doing more than 25 years ago. Elaine and I also occasionally watch an episode of our latest TV series during the middle of the day, which feels like the height of decadence. I may even pay to stream July’s Tour de France, though I’m not sure I want to commit the necessary hours to take full advantage. Family. With my diagnosis, my family—my two kids, my mother, my three siblings—have rallied around me. We speak more often on the phone and see each other more frequently. If there’s an upside to my illness, this is it. Still, I’m not sure all of the above amounts to much of a retirement. Don’t I have any hobbies, you might wonder? I did—bicycling—and I imagined retirement would give me the chance to explore the Pennsylvania countryside on two wheels. But because I've had balance issues, the doctors ordered me to stop riding outside when I got my diagnosis, so the only cycling I do these days is in the basement. Any other hobbies? The problem, and I’m not sure it is one, is that my hobby is my work. I no longer spend my days editing articles for HumbleDollar. Those edited articles have been replaced by the pieces that the site’s readers post directly to the Forum. But while I’m no longer editing, I still devote part of each day to various writing projects and to monitoring activity on HumbleDollar. I enjoy it, and I think it’s a worthy use of my time. But I’m not sure others would consider what I do each day to be anything akin to retirement. Is there a lesson here? Perhaps. While HumbleDollar might be a community united by a desire to discuss financial issues in a civil and intelligent manner, the debates within the Forum highlight readers’ many differences. Among them: the virtues of budgeting, the wisdom of investing abroad, when to claim Social Security, whether to favor individual bonds over bond funds, how much to travel, the desirability of continuing care retirement communities, whether to buy income annuities, and much more. Similarly, there’s no one definition of retirement, and what makes others happy likely won’t work for you and me. Don’t like the way others are spending their retirement? That’s an easy one: Don’t do what they’re doing. Jonathan Clements is the founder and editor of HumbleDollar. Follow him on X @ClementsMoney and on Facebook, and check out his earlier posts. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

Building Connections by Marjorie Kondrack

"The Connections: Wall Street Journal Columnists Morgan Housel, Walt Mossberg, Jason Zweig, Joe Morgenstern, & our own Jonathan Tech Company Founders Billy Gates, Larry Page, Jeff Bezos, Stevie Jobs, & Mark Zuckerberg Woman Financial Writers Suze Orman, Jean Chatzky, Jane Bryant Quinn, Christine Benz, & Michelle Singletary Brokerage Firm Founders Vlad Tenev, Charles Schwab, John Bogle, Edward Johnson, & Thomas Peterffy Financial Bloggers Paula Pant, Peter Adeney, Sam Dogen, Katie Tassin, & Nick Maggiulli"
- John Yeigh
Read more »

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Manifesto

NO. 77: TO BUY ourselves happiness, often the best strategy is to not buy anything at all. That can leave us with a plump bank account and the sense of financial security it offers.

think

TIME DIVERSIFICATION. Investors with long time horizons are encouraged to buy stocks. Yet such “time diversification” is controversial: While most of us assume the stock market is mean reverting—meaning good times follow bad—academics have argued that, if stock returns are random, healthy returns aren’t a sure thing, no matter how long we hang on.

act

GET A FREE CREDIT score. You can learn your score at websites such as Credit Karma, Credit Sesame, NerdWallet and WalletHub. Credit scores are also available from financial firms like Capital One and Chase, even if you aren’t currently one of their customers. Not all these sites will tell you your FICO score—the most widely used scoring system.

humans

NO. 51: WE FAVOR the familiar, such as stocks of local companies and makers of goods we buy. This “home bias” can be risky. Folks often bet big on their employer’s shares, so both their paycheck and portfolio hinge on the company’s prosperity. Many U.S. investors also shun foreign stocks, even though there’s no guarantee U.S. shares will outperform long-term.

Money Guide

Umbrella Insurance

GOT MONEY IN a regular taxable account? If you lose a lawsuit, the plaintiff won’t have much trouble claiming that money—which is why you might want umbrella liability insurance, sometimes known as excess liability insurance. With homeowner’s and auto policies, a big chunk of your premium payment goes toward buying liability coverage. If somebody sues you because they’re hurt at your home or because you cause an auto accident, your homeowner’s and auto policies will cover your attorney’s fees and any judgment against you. But the liability coverage may be capped at $250,000 or $300,000, and it could be significantly lower. Plaintiffs might settle for that, rather than coming after your personal assets. But what if they demand more? That’s where umbrella liability insurance comes in. It provides additional protection, perhaps $1 million or more, that’s over and above what your homeowner’s and auto policies provide. Umbrella liability insurance is typically purchased from the same insurer that covers your home and car. In addition to providing protection if you’re sued for damaging property or causing bodily injury, an umbrella policy can also cover other situations, such as if you’re sued for slander or libel. Pay attention to the exclusions. For instance, the policies typically won’t protect you if there’s a legal claim resulting from your business or professional life, or if you deliberately damage somebody else’s property. Premiums seem to have increased a fair amount in recent years, but the policies remain relatively inexpensive compared to the potential payout. Got assets you’re aiming to protect? It’s worth looking into an umbrella policy. Next: Business Liability Previous: Homestead Exemption Article: Grab an Umbrella
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Manifesto

NO. 77: TO BUY ourselves happiness, often the best strategy is to not buy anything at all. That can leave us with a plump bank account and the sense of financial security it offers.

Spotlight: Retirement

What If

Last month I did my best to analyze investments to the market as an alternative to payroll taxes for Social Security. My conclusion was that the payroll taxes were worth it, though some readers respectfully disagreed.
But what if I could go back in time for a do-over. What if at age 16 I began to invest an amount into the market that was equal to and in addition to the payroll tax deducted from my pay?

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Retirement Calculators

As I approach retirement, I have utilized several free retirement calculators to help answer the question, “Can I retire?”.  The exciting thing is they all seem to be confirming it’s okay for me to punch out when the time is right.  Of course, like any model, these are only as good as the accuracy of the input and assumptions.
Below are the calculators I have used.  Do you have any comments in general about these tools or have you used something you found useful that’s not on my list?

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Why Retire at 65?

ONE OF THE VERY best financial decisions is available to almost every American worker. That’s the good news. The bad news: Most workers won’t take advantage of this opportunity. Worse yet, they don’t know about it, and no one is telling them—even though they may need to make the right decision to be financially comfortable in their elder years.
What’s that best financial decision? I’ll get there in a moment.
Health care has been making wonderful progress in the past few decades.

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Price on Your Head

WE’RE WORTH SO MUCH more than the value of our homes and our financial accounts. But how much more? Forget your car and household possessions. Unless you have a Chagall hanging in the living room, it’s safe to assume all this stuff will depreciate and eventually be worth little or nothing.
Instead, our three assets with potentially significant value are our regular paycheck, our Social Security retirement benefit and any traditional employer pension we’re entitled to.

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Where to Begin

WHEN I STARTED working fulltime in 1980, there were very few retirement savings vehicles available to the average worker. I remember setting up my IRA and contributing the $2,000 annual maximum—at the time the only retirement account I could fund.
Today, by contrast, there’s a slew of retirement choices on offer. Where should those new to the workforce focus their dollars? If you have access to a 401(k) or similar retirement plan with an employer matching contribution,

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Spotlight: Fourneau

Hard-Earned Lessons

IN MARCH 1999, I began my job at the chemical plant where I still work today. During the weeklong orientation, I had my 26th birthday. It was the start of a job where I felt I couldn’t make any excuses. I needed to be an adult. I would be making good money. After graduating high school in 1991, I’d averaged $18,000 to $23,000 a year in various jobs. In my first full year at the plant, I made $42,000. The next year, after completing the training program and working 500 hours of overtime, I made more than $60,000—good pay for a guy in his late 20s with a high school diploma. Over the years, I’ve heard many bits of advice from the old-timers at the plant. I’ve also picked up many lessons from watching these folks over the past two decades. The first lesson came during an informal talk that a worker gave at the orientation. Today, it probably wouldn’t be allowed because it would be considered financial advice from someone without any formal credentials. But his talk was valuable in its simplicity and its roots in real-life experience. The technician implored us to begin contributing to our 401(k) immediately. He talked about the company match and how it was free money. He suggested we consider our investment allocations carefully. Because of our young age, he believed we should be in the aggressive portfolio. We had time to ride out the rough spells, he said. I began to save in the 401(k). There was a whiff of euphoria in the air. The market had been on fire for the past few years and it was still raging. Returns of 20% or more were typical. This technician, who was approaching retirement, was feeling good seeing his balance grow to numbers he’d never thought possible. A few years later, around the mid-2000s, I saw the same man. He was now retired and bagging groceries part-time. Maybe the dot-com crash burned him and he needed a job for a bit. Maybe he was bored and wanted something to do. I didn’t feel comfortable enough to ask, and he didn’t work at the store that long. Many veterans at the plant had started in the 1970s. The company had something similar to a 401(k) back then. As the great bull market began in 1982, they rode an incredible wave until 2000. Over time, I began to see the role luck and timing played in investment results. When you were born, and when you got hired, all had a big impact on your returns. If I were to guess, I’d say 98% of the plant workers saved in the 401(k). My older brother had been hired a few years before me. When he started, the old-timers in his area always told him, “You can’t afford not to.” My brother never read The Wall Street Journal. I would ask him occasionally which funds he was in. He’d say he hadn’t looked in a while and wasn’t sure. He left it alone for the most part and retired early. I checked my funds often, moved my money around more than him and haven’t done as well. I would hear rumors occasionally of the few who never joined the 401(k). They had lost out on hundreds of thousands of dollars, maybe a million. But I could understand how this might happen. Many in the plant were from poor or working-class families. Some started families when they were young. They may have thought about saving. But they probably always felt they couldn’t afford the 7% of pay they needed to get the full company match. They were raising kids and paying bills. Often, their spouse was staying at home and that was important to them. Maybe they’d start next year. In that era, the pension plan was generous. The folks who were whispered to have never joined the 401(k) would invariably retire later, usually as soon as they could claim Social Security at age 62. Between Social Security and the pension they earned over 35 to 40 years of service, they could replace all the income they were making at the plant. It was always interesting to see the moment people pulled the trigger. One lady—a friend of mine—had started working at the plant in her 20s. She had a straight-day job later in her career, but then unfortunately had to return to the production line and work the swing shift that came with it. She started her week one Sunday with the 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. shift. She was frustrated with the poor planning from leadership the week before. Her night was going to be stressful, with all kinds of problems and little support. As I helped her with a question, she had a few choice words about the mess and said that she was calling her financial advisor that week to see what options she had. She’d worked decades and made good money. A single mom, she’d raised her kids and, by then, they’d finished college. She retired a few months after that night and has enjoyed the years that followed. I was happy to hear that. She was a sweet lady. In her early years at the plant, it couldn’t have been easy being one of the few women, but she made it. One of my coworkers got called out one weekend in the freezing cold of winter to deal with a problem. As he was walking around, examining all the pipes while trying to solve the issue, he asked himself, “What the hell am I doing here on a Saturday night?” He put in for retirement, though he worked several more months. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] I saw him at Wal-Mart a few years ago. That call-out was just a blip, he told me. He said the real reason for his retirement was that his sister had passed away and it was weighing on him. He had plenty of money. Life was too short. There was a kind, older guy on my shift who grew up on an Iowa farm and had worked in our area since the early 1970s. I went to his retirement party. He waved his wallet at an old friend, smiling as he said, “This thing has decided every major decision in my life.” Like many I saw at the plant, he had put family first. His kids were raised and done with college. A small early retirement package pushed him over the finish line. He told me he was ready to be done with swing shift work and with the plant. But he then took a job as a school janitor for 20 years and finally retired for good with an Iowa state pension to add to his retirement savings. One old friend, who had been my Little League baseball coach for a short time, told me—when I saw him at a bar a few years after he retired—that he simply did some math and felt comfortable calling it a career. He added together his 401(k)’s historical annual return, his pension and his other savings, and asked himself if he could live off half that number. He could. He shared with me something I hadn’t heard many folks say. He had a great-paying job. He’d had it for decades. He didn’t really need the job anymore. And he knew that someone out there, a young person most likely, did need the job he had. It would change his or her family’s life, like it changed his and mine, so he retired. One guy, who was a bit of a miser, said he put his notice in when no one told him not to. His wife and his financial advisor both agreed he had enough money to retire. He had worked for more than 30 years. He was still on the swing shift. He’d invested in some Iowa farmland before the prices skyrocketed. He was frugal, and had his 401(k) and pension. He seemed to abhor debt and that had served him well. One recent retiree had been in leadership roles for more than half of his blue-collar career, so he hadn’t worked swing shifts for decades. He had many years under the old, more generous pension system. Yet, unlike so many in the plant, he wasn’t missing a beat. His mind was sharp, he was fit and still full of energy. I’ve always thought that some 20% of plant workers have the skills, ambitions and mindset that aligns well with the work we do. He was one of them. I never heard him pine to be an artist or chase a different dream or career. His talents were valuable and he had kept up with the changing technology. In his early 60s, I know he could easily have done the work for another 10 years. He shared with me that it would be silly to still be working at the plant in his 70s. What was the point? He retired after 40 years. We quickly discovered, when he headed off to winter in Florida, all the “little” problems he’d been solving that no one else noticed. I enjoy talking with the younger people who have been hired in droves since the baby boom generation exited the plant. If they’re interested and ask, I’ll share some of the mistakes I made with my money while working at the plant. I also let them know that I intend to keep my job there. Even after 23 years, I hesitate to call it a career. I don’t know why, I just do. Most know me as the guy who wrestles in a mask. It wasn’t my dream to work at the plant, and my talents don’t always align with my job. But I do my work well. People seem to like having me on their team, so I must be doing okay. I appreciate all the lessons that my coworkers have taught me over the years. And I hope the younger generation working at the plant has picked up a thing or two from me. Juan Fourneau’s goal is to retire at age 55. When he isn't at his manufacturing job, he enjoys reading and writing about personal finance, investing and his other interests. Juan, who is married with two children, retired from the ring after wrestling on the independent circuit for more than 25 years. He wrestled as a Mexican Luchador under the name Latin Thunder. Follow Juan on Twitter @LatinThunder1, visit his website and check out his previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
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My First Retirement

I LOST A MATCH ON Nov. 12 against my former tag-team partner, Kevin Gutierrez, who wrestles under the colorful name “Corn Boi.” It was a classic Lucha Libre stipulation match. I put my mask on the line, and Kevin would cut his shoulder-length hair if he lost. Mask versus hair—or, as they say in Mexico, mascara versus cabellera. We had many tried-and-true plot lines going for us. Teacher versus student. Old friends and tag partners who were now fighting furiously against each other. Older, bitter, crotchety veteran wrestler—that’s me—frustrated with this not-so-serious newer generation. It was a good story. All the while, I knew how it would end—with me losing my mask and announcing my retirement from wrestling. I’ll wrestle a goodbye match or two next summer, but essentially, I was done. When I put on the mask at age 40, I remembered a line from the great wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer. He wrote the obituary for Junkyard Dog, the African-American grappler who was a Main Event star and drew tons of money in the New Orleans area and later in the World Wrestling Federation. “If he had kept his weight under control and continued training, he could have been a star into his 50s like Ric Flair, The Crusher or Dick the Bruiser.” [caption id="attachment_1536026" align="alignright" width="400"] Juan's final wrestling match. Photo by Clint Dye of Tag Team Photography.[/caption] Right there, Meltzer had given me the formula for longevity in the sport. Ric Flair also said in his podcast that the enemy of any professional wrestler was inactivity. So, for the past nine years, I’ve tried to keep a regular wrestling schedule. If I didn’t have a match, I headed up to the Black & Brave wrestling school in nearby Davenport, Iowa, and worked out in that hard ring. It all helped. My work actually improved as I had regular access to a ring for the first time in my career. My body felt good. I eliminated the heavy weights from my training, especially exercises that stressed my lower back. I kept my weight under control. At five feet nine inches, I never allowed myself to go above 230 pounds, even during the holidays. Most of the time, the scale read around 215, and occasionally I got to a fit 208 pounds. With my tan, and dedicated work in the gym, I looked the part. Kevin and I worked hard at the school. I insisted we train the way we performed in front of a crowd. It was invigorating to finally be able to work on my craft in a way I had never done. When I was young, I wasn’t willing to move to locations that would have given me the chance to get in the ring and train with other pros. To be in a position to get to work with Kevin was an opportunity I couldn’t pass up. Even at age 48. After several long practice matches last summer, I could feel the repercussions. A headache was a given. When I went to wrestling school in 1994, we were hyper-focused on our bodies. Our neck, back, shoulders and knees were our injury concerns. Those were the dangers that weighed on our minds. [caption id="attachment_1536024" align="alignleft" width="400"] Juan surrenders his mask. Photo by Clint Dye of Tag Team Photography.[/caption] But our minds—our brains—were not a concern. Now, it was becoming one for me. The science of concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a progressive brain disease, are today well-known and ominous. The physicality of the sport also let me know that, while I could handle both the rigors of the training and my young contemporaries, my recovery was slower. It took me days or a week to recover fully from a 15-minute training match. What was most heartbreaking was seeing something so clearly at my advancing age that I never thought about in my 20s. I had talent. Some of the kids who graduated from the intense, three-month training program at the school didn’t have the same aptitude for the life of a wrestler. I was an athlete. Some others didn’t move as naturally in the ring. I saw countless young men hit the weights hard and still not look all that impressive, considering the time they were putting in. My body had always responded to training. I loved pumping iron, which some wrestlers considered more of a required chore. Lifting weights cemented what I had been feeling since I turned 40. Wrestling was my calling. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] I had pursued it, yes. But I had never given it the time, sweat and dedication that the craft demanded. I was always negotiating the price. As I approach turning 50 next March, Father Time was telling me I was pushing the limits. It didn’t matter how long or consistently I trained—the end was near. Especially if I wanted to dictate my last chapter, rather than have it decided for me. As we age, we begin to feel more physically vulnerable. You hesitate to climb on a roof or step too high on a ladder. All because you see or experience firsthand the physical dangers that life presents. You lose the invincible feeling of your youth, the blissful ignorance you had in your 20s. [caption id="attachment_1536025" align="alignright" width="402"] Juan with opponent Kevin Gutierrez, also known as Corn Boi. Photo by Antonio Varela.[/caption] When I would climb to the top rope of the ring to deliver an exciting move, my balance was not what it once was. My awareness of the risk I was taking, however, was ever-present. Pursuing your passion, versus following the safe route, is something folks have been dealing with for many centuries. HumbleDollar’s editor offered this great piece of advice a while back: “I’d put in a plug for earning and saving starting in our 20s, so we can pursue our passions in our 50s, when we likely have a better idea of what’s important to us.” That’s great advice if your talents and pursuits are cerebral. But what if they have a large physical element? I wish I could retire at 55 from the chemical plant where I work and then hit the road to do wrestling shots all over the country. But for my dream, that’s not an option. As Warren Buffett once said, “It's a little like saving sex for your old age.” My passion had a limited window, and it passed long ago. After the match, my kids and I headed to Applebee’s for a late-night meal. I told them this would be an aspect of the business I’d miss. My wallet was full from the generous pay. We drew a great crowd and the promotor paid me well—$300—plus my daughter sold lots of merchandise. I came home with more than $600 in my pocket. The match was good. I had delivered in the ring. For the fans, for the promotion company, for Kevin. My kids and I were all smiling and enjoying the meal and the glow from the evening. It was nearing midnight, well past my bedtime. But I knew the euphoria from the evening would keep me up late. A few days after the show, Kevin and I had a chance to talk on the phone. After our conversation about the past few days, he asked me how I’d felt at the end of our match. How did it feel in the ring taking off the mask with my sister, my nephews and my family in the audience? With the fans and wrestlers all watching and thanking me for my career? Grateful. Grateful was all I could think of. To have been physically able to get to that match, when the summer before I was questioning if I could reach the finish line and allow us both to have this moment. Grateful to have had a dream, and to get paid for it. Grateful to have been able to pursue it and enjoy everything that came with the journey. And—most of all—grateful that I was able to maintain my health, my job at the chemical plant and my family along with it. Juan Fourneau’s goal is to retire at age 55. When he isn't at his manufacturing job, he enjoys reading and writing about personal finance, investing and his other interests. Juan, who is married with two children, retired from the ring after wrestling on the independent circuit for more than 25 years. He wrestled as a Mexican Luchador under the name Latin Thunder. Follow him on Twitter @LatinThunder1. Check out Juan's previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
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Taking on Tenants

IN MY EARLY 30s, I was a typical blue-collar worker. The only way I invested was through my employer’s 401(k) plan. But I was a good saver, putting 25% of my income into the plan, which was the maximum allowed, plus I got a generous company match of 8%. Still, I was on the lookout for ways to increase my savings and my investment returns. That was early 2006. I read a variety of books to further my personal finance knowledge. But it was the biography of my bodybuilding hero, Arnold Schwarzenegger, that ultimately convinced me to take the plunge and become a landlord. Though his big checks from Hollywood didn’t hurt, Schwarzenegger made his first fortune in real estate. It all began with a multifamily building in the Los Angeles area. He lived in one of the units, while renting out the other seven apartments. I decided that could work for me as well. I was living in a three-bedroom house as a single guy. I didn’t need all the space. I had bought the house because my parents and coworkers all said buying a home was a great investment. Instead, it hampered my ability to save and invest more aggressively. Each month’s $900 mortgage payment devoured almost half the after-tax income from the chemical plant where I worked. After making my car payment, and paying for utilities, groceries, cable and other bills, I was left with a few hundred dollars to spare each month. I began searching for a multifamily apartment building where I could essentially live for free, with the rental income covering all costs. I could then use that $900 to save and invest. The first property I looked at was a triplex. I could certainly see myself living in the one of the two-bedroom units or even the efficiency. A negative was all the units were occupied, so my first job as a landlord would be to give one family notice that they had to move. In addition, I hadn’t expected the property taxes to be so high. My cash flow projections didn’t factor that in. I soon learned that Iowa has very high commercial property taxes and anything more than a duplex was considered commercial. I was outbid for the property by a seasoned investor who knew to move quickly with a fair bid, while I was trying to lowball the price. The lessons kept coming. I looked at a fourplex in a small town near work. At one time, I had actually lived in one of the units, so I was familiar with the property, which was a bonus. Inside information in real estate is often available in way it never would be when investing in individual stocks. My offer of $145,000 was accepted. At the time, two of the units were vacant and another tenant was moving out. I was concerned about having four empty units and encouraged the current owner to rent the units if, before the closing, she was contacted by potential tenants. That was a mistake. The owner was selling because she was struggling to find good tenants who paid on time and took care of the units. When I closed, one of the two tenants was clearly going to be a problem. During the walkthrough, the unit was a mess, and the tenants already weren’t paying their rent. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] I moved into one of the apartments and, within two months, had to evict the tenants next door. It was an expensive lesson, in part because I had to hire an attorney. After that, I learned the state’s legal process for evicting tenants, including what I could and couldn’t do. The other tenant didn’t work out in the long run, either. It was clear, after I moved in, that I would have been better off buying a completely vacant apartment building. In the years since, that initial investment has delivered priceless lessons in cash flow, loan terms, property management and more. It set the stage for me to continue buying rental properties. But thereafter, I focused on single-family homes. I also began searching for a good property manager. After the initial fourplex purchase, which I owned from 2008 to 2014, I purchased and still own eight single-family homes. I began to buy homes as opposed to apartments because they were readily available during the foreclosure crisis. I’ve also realized that, when it’s time to sell, you have more potential buyers with single-family homes, plus buyers planning to occupy a property themselves will often pay more than an investor. I plan to use the cash flow from the properties to supplement my retirement income and perhaps fund part of my children’s college costs. I also hope to sell a house or two to reduce some of the mortgage debt I took on. Carrying a high debt load didn’t much bother me 10 years ago. But as I’ve grown older, and as I prepare for my two children to go to college within the next decade, I’d prefer to have the properties paid off. Juan Fourneau’s goal is to retire at age 55. When he isn’t at his manufacturing job, he enjoys reading about personal finance and investing. Juan, who is married with two children, can still be seen in the ring on the independent professional wrestling circuit. He wrestles as a Mexican Luchador under the name Latin Thunder. Follow him on Twitter @LatinThunder1. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
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Why I Won’t Wait

FINANCIAL EXPERTS often advise retirees to delay claiming Social Security. Their actuarial tables and statistics make a compelling case. Still, as soon as I’m eligible, I’ll strongly consider claiming Social Security. Why? I never knew either of my grandfathers. My mom’s dad died of a stroke when she was age 19. One of my favorite photos of my parents’ wedding is that of my uncle—my mom’s oldest brother—walking her down the aisle. My grandfather never got to see my parents wed. My dad’s father died very young as well. Dad had no memory of his father. My dad Jorge passed away at 72. I was grateful he had 10 years of retirement, and was able to enjoy his grandchildren and have some years of leisure. He had earned it after almost 40 years at a retread factory. One summer, I worked as a temp at the same factory. Despite the modern machines and far safer working conditions, it was hot and the work physically demanding. I was 25 years old and in good shape, but it was still tough. It made me appreciate the work my dad did to support our family all those years. Along with his pension, he was able to retire only by claiming Social Security benefits at age 62. My father-in-law Mike was a kid from a working-class background. The only high school graduation gift he received was a Vietnam draft letter. After a tour of duty that exposed him to Agent Orange and constant military combat, he came home and started a small business as a plaster contractor. He made a living. He didn’t get rich. For more than 15 years, to earn extra money, he worked at the local bowling alley after a full day of backbreaking plaster work. When I met my wife, he no longer had his second job, but continued hanging plaster ceilings and doing repair work fulltime until he claimed Social Security “early.” He continued to work part-time, doing small jobs until he paid off his mortgage and was able to retire fully. To say his work was hard on his body is an understatement. His knees, back, hands and neck all paid a price for the incredible workmanship he displayed with his craft. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] I’ve had it easy compared to my dad and father-in-law. But I did work a swing shift for 20 years. One week, I’d work 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. I’d get the weekend off and go in Sunday night for my week of graveyard shifts, 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. On Friday morning, I’d get off work at 7 a.m. and not have to return until Monday at 3 p.m., when I’d start my week of 3-11s. I always slept fine when I was on the graveyard shift. But as I got older, it began to wear on me. Currently, I’m just working straight days. I didn’t expect working a straight day-shift schedule at the plant to be that different, but it’s been enlightening to see how much better I sleep and feel. I understand the numbers and statistics that support claiming Social Security benefits later. But I can’t help but want to hedge my bets and claim my benefits at age 62. I’m 100% certain that, if I’m still working at the plant at that age, I won’t hesitate to retire and claim my benefits. That would go double if I was still working a swing shift. Hooking up a railcar in subzero temperatures at 3 a.m. in January isn’t something I’ll be doing if I can supplement my retirement savings with Social Security. The numbers a financial advisor can show me in his temperature-controlled office won’t be enough to convince me to go to work on a wintry Iowa Sunday night for one more shift than is absolutely necessary. Juan Fourneau’s goal is to retire at age 55. When he isn’t at his manufacturing job, he enjoys reading about personal finance and investing. Juan, who is married with two children, can still be seen in the ring on the independent professional wrestling circuit. He wrestles as a Mexican Luchador under the name Latin Thunder. Follow him on Twitter @LatinThunder1. Juan's previous article was Taking on Tenants. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
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Our favorite investment: index funds

Born to Sell

I ONCE DABBLED IN the world of sales. I wasn't very good at it. In 1997, I got a job at Schwan’s, driving one of those yellow trucks you see in neighborhoods all over the U.S. selling frozen treats, ice cream and a variety of food. I thought it would be a delivery and service job. But I found out during the orientation and training that there was an element of sales. I read the books of motivational speaker Zig Ziglar in my free time and got some basic training in sales from the company. But as I began my route in the railroad town of Fort Madison, Iowa, I could see I needed help. A natural sales guy I was not. At a party one weekend, I ran into my dad’s old friend, Pablo. My dad was godfather, or padrino, to Pablo’s youngest son. I was interested in talking to him because he was a successful car salesman. As we talked about my struggles in sales, Pablo gave me a few tips. He also shared with me how he began his career. Pablo was from San Antonio. He spoke good English, but like many Hispanic men in my hometown of that era, he had a limited education. He dropped out of school in sixth grade to work because his family didn’t have a lot of money. He met his wife when they were both working as migrant laborers, following the crops. My Midwestern town is home to a Heinz manufacturing plant where, in the old days, migrant workers picked tomatoes from the fields and transported them to the plant. After one season in the mid-1960s, Pablo and his wife never went back to Texas. Instead, they decided to make a home here in Iowa. He met my dad at the retread factory, but he lost his job when he broke his leg. When he’d recovered, he landed a job as a janitor at the high school. Needing more money, he also worked as a janitor in the evening at the local Montgomery Ward store, where he was known as Paul. One day, the store decided to have a sales contest to see who could sell the most bedsheets. They divided the store employees into three groups, with the sales staff getting to pick their team from all the store employees. Though most of the traffic would be driven by the sales team, they wanted to include everyone in the contest. One manager suggested, as an afterthought, they include the janitors so they didn’t feel left out. Like the slow nerdy kid at dodgeball, Pablo was picked last. He was eager to win the prize and began to tell the customers he saw walking in about these fabulous bedsheets they just had to have. He found out he had a natural talent and began closing many sales. He was spending just as much time spotting leads as he was cleaning the store. It turned out that Pablo’s team won the contest. It wasn’t even close. Matter of fact, Pablo sold more bedsheets by himself than the rest of the store combined. The next day, after the contest was over, Pablo was pushing his broom, sweeping the floor as he always did. The store manager came up to him and suggested he put his broom down. He gave him a necktie and a job offer. “Paul, we think your skills would be better served selling.” [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] That humble beginning was the start of his sales career. Pablo eventually got a job as a car salesman in my hometown and consistently grossed six figures for more than 30 years. He put his sons through college, and one even became a school principal. When my dad bought a car, he always went to his “compadre Pablo.” I went with my dad once as he bought a small, ugly used Dodge Omni for my older brother. I had the privilege of driving the same car when I turned 16. You couldn’t see the wall in Pablo’s office for all the sales awards he’d won. I’m sure it helped that he was one of the few salesmen at that time who spoke Spanish. Ultimately, however, Pablo was just a fantastic salesman. He won sales contests that provided family vacations, the latest televisions and appliances, and he drove the dealership’s best demo car for free. At different times, he owned a theatre that played Spanish movies in the Quad Cities and a Mexican restaurant. He was also a landlord—all while working six days a week selling cars. When I saw him last week, enjoying his retirement, I asked him if he ever regretted working so hard all those years. Typical of his generation and background, he told me he never worked hard. He had seen migrant workers in the fields picking crops. That was hard work, he said. He made a sale, handed the ticket to the office, and his work was done. The hours were long, yes, but it never felt like hard work to him. Not bad for a Mexican-American kid with a sixth-grade education from a barrio in San Antonio. My sales career ended after six months. The long hours working my route were getting to me, so I put in my notice. I wasn’t making great money and, with my sales skills lacking, I didn’t see that changing anytime soon. I got a temp job that eventually led me to a position at the plant where I work today. It was a great move for me. I did develop an appreciation for the sales industry, though. The profession isn’t always given the respect it deserves. Every company relies on sales, and it’s a job that provides opportunity for those with sales talent, skills and drive. Your education, grades and background don’t matter in sales. What drives your career and salary is your results, and my dad’s friend Pablo is a great example of that. “Only in America,” as Don King would say. Juan Fourneau’s goal is to retire at age 55. When he isn't at his manufacturing job, he enjoys reading and writing about personal finance, investing and other interests. Juan, who is married with two children, retired from the ring after wrestling on the independent circuit for more than 25 years. He wrestled as a Mexican Luchador under the name Latin Thunder. Follow Juan on Twitter @LatinThunder1, visit his website and check out his previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
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