I thank everyone in advance for any assistance and advice you can provide regarding my Roth conversion scenario. I am currently 56 with a potential retirement age of 58 (approx. 2 yrs). My wife is younger and will continue working for another 8 years following my retirement. I plan on deferring Social Security as long as possible, age 70.  I have $850,000 in a regular IRA and an additional $600,000 in a company sponsored 401K.  My wife and I file jointly and are currently in the 24% tax bracket ($206,700- $394,600).

The recently enacted One Big Beautiful Bill Act included a number of tax provisions of interest to HumbleDollar readers. Given the emphasis on retirement planning on HumbleDollar, the new bonus Deduction for Seniors has potential to provide a significant tax savings for seniors.
This has been discussed in previous posts over the last few weeks, but the details are worth a quick review.  Taxpayers who reach 65 by the last day of the tax year, starting in 2025,

I still help prepare tax returns for pay. As such I am required, among other things, to annually renew my preparer pin number.
I recently received the  following from the IRS in a email –
We have updated the Tax Professional PTIN System sign-in process for tax return preparers who have a Social Security number (SSN). You will now sign in using ID.me, a technology provider that conducts identity verification and credential management for access to IRS online services. 

On July 4th, the president signed a significant new tax and spending bill into law. The text of the bill runs to almost 900 pages and affects nearly every corner of the tax code, including personal, business and estate tax rules.
Below I summarize the provisions I see as most relevant to financial planning. It’s important to note that many of the provisions are retroactive to the beginning of 2025.
The formal name of the law is the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” and it is,

The Washington Post has an article on yet another effort to cut taxes for the wealthy. This time it is stepping up the cost basis for capital gains to account for inflation. You’d think they’d at least wait for the dust to settle from the recent give away.
I don’t know whether the article is behind the pay wall, it’s not giving me an option to share it so I did a straight copy.

John Yeigh posted excellent information yesterday entitled Roth Conversion Opportunities Extended
Despite my feeling that I am fairly well conversed in this matter I still read everything I can, assuming correctly, that I don’t know everything. When reading the article below:
https://humbledollar.com/2023/01/securing-lower-taxes/
This line struck me:
Take earlier IRA distributions and invest that money in a taxable account. Subsequent gains would be taxed at lower capital gains tax rates. If held until death, the investments could receive a step-up in basis and pass income-tax-free to heirs.

The new U.S. tax legislation extends today’s relatively low tax-rates that were implemented in 2017. While this tax legislation includes some new nuances that may impact retirees, the main tax-rate impact for Roth conversions has been extended for 2026 and beyond. Here are four reminders of the benefits and challenges with Roth conversions. “Roth on.”
Who should Roth:
https://humbledollar.com/2020/05/to-roth-or-not/
How Roth conversions can impact Medicare premiums:
https://humbledollar.com/2023/04/that-28000000-tax/
Rothing can lower future taxes especially when considering the widow’s tax after the first spouse passes and estate tax impacts:
https://humbledollar.com/2023/01/securing-lower-taxes/
Rothing may not gain ground on future RMD tax obligations due to growth in tax deferred accounts:
https://www.theretirementmanifesto.com/my-biggest-surprise-in-retirement/

Like most Americans I pay taxes, income taxes both federal and state, sales taxes, property taxes and for fifty years, payroll taxes and I’m still, at age 81, paying income, sales and property taxes – plus assorted other miner taxes and fees on goods and services.
Like any normal person, I think it would be nice not to pay taxes and keep all my money. But unlike too many of the uninformed people ranting on social media these days,

Perhaps what we should be debating is which is the most important line on the tax return. I can tell you that most would say line 34, “this is the amount you overpaid, or line 37, “this is the amount you owe. I contend line 24 matters most, “this is your total tax”. Rarely, and I mean well under 1% of the time, did a client ask me how much tax they paid. As a matter of fact,

I have been following the passage of the new bill signed today. I thought the deduction was 6K for couples, but it is per person. Here is information on the specifics from an AI source:
The (bill) includes a significant tax break for older Americans, specifically a new $6,000 “bonus” deduction for those 65 and older. This deduction is targeted at those with modified adjusted gross incomes up to $75,000 for individual filers and $150,000 for joint filers.

I observe the national state of taxes, deficit spending, debt and related interest payments and wonder, is the American view of this fiscal management a reflection of the personal finance habits of too many of us? 
As a nation we don’t live within our means for sure, largely ignore interest payments, and apparently don’t think about our financial future or who will pay the bills some day.
As individuals, that scenario seems to reflect the lifestyle of too many Americans.

This may sound crazy to most readers here, but as a 45 year-old, until 2022 I had never lived in, let along invested in, a rising interest rate environment.
This is, of course, owing to the enduring bond bull market from 1981-2022 (RIP).  Obviously, we all know rates rose in 2022 and have held steady for a bit.  They are now mostly in the 4% range depending on duration.
As a young investor in the 2010s and early 20s,

The occasional heated posts directed at a certain esteemed, HumbleDollar contributor, regarding his disdain for spreadsheets, always amuse me. While I find them entertaining, they sometimes become a bit uncivilized. I actually sympathize with his views, and my own use of spreadsheets is quite sparing. I believe that common sense, rule-of-thumb heuristics, and an individual’s intimate knowledge of their own circumstances are more than sufficient for everyday budgeting. However, I do construct the odd spreadsheet, very occasionally.

As a result of reading HD, I have become fascinated with certified financial planner videos on YouTube, some are pretty good, others not so much.
Often one thing strikes me as ironic. Some presenters look more like they will be starting college in the fall, than experienced experts and none of them look anywhere near retirement age – maybe they will FIRE, but I digress.🤑
My real curiosity is when they show a spreadsheet to see if a hypothetical couple can afford to retire.

Focus on the causes, not the symptoms.
There’s been a heap of handwringing this year over both federal government borrowing and possible cuts in Social Security benefits, and the current budget bill before Congress is only exacerbating those fears. But I worry folks are focusing on the wrong things.
As Adam Grossman noted recently, the federal government collects $5 trillion in revenue each year and spends $7 trillion. Why? You might point the finger at Medicare,