There has been a plethora of back and forth in the HD Forum recently about what constitutes income. I hesitate to wade into these stormy seas. But what the heck. I wrote an article a while ago that discussed the various meanings of income that the tax code uses.  Head there if you want a discussion of Gross income, Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), Modified AGI, Taxable income, and Combined income.
Right off the bat I’ll state that this argument will never be won.

The August 3rd Wall Street Journal has an interesting article on target date funds in 401k plans. The article notes:
”Target-date funds are a professionally managed portfolio of stocks and bonds that recalibrates the mix as we hurtle toward retirement age. These funds now attract 64 cents of every dollar that flows into 401(k) plans, Vanguard Group data shows, and hold trillions in assets.”
The article says some people reject these funds as too conservative and sometimes too expensive.

BONDS MAY NOT BE the most interesting investment, but they generate their fair share of debate. Especially after 2022’s rout, when total-bond market funds dropped 13%, many investors wonder how best to proceed. An open question: Does it make more sense to buy individual bonds or opt for bond funds?
To answer this question, let’s start with a simple example. Suppose you’d invested in Vanguard Group’s total-bond market fund (symbol: BND) on Jan. 1,

Should we make healthcare “free”? Should the minimum wage be increased? Should we eliminate tipping and raise pay? Should seniors be exempt from property taxes? Should teachers be paid on par with doctors? Should CEO pay be limited to a lower multiple of worker pay? Should college be free? Should we limit the ability for landlords to raise rents.
These and many similar ideas pop up on social media (and from politicians) all the time. Sometimes they are refuted,

I was in Flapjacks with my friend Jerry on a Monday morning that looked  like it had the potential to be a much-needed good day. But the pancakes were warmer than the conversation.
“How could you have embarrassed me like that? “
“You mean what I said last night when we were having dinner at Café Bernardo with those insufferable  attorney friends of yours?” I knew darn well what he meant but I didn’t think it was such a big deal.

I was out of college for seven years before I got married. During all those years, I lived in the same apartment located on the edge of Lancaster, PA. I occasionally had friends who were in transition bunk with me for a month or two, but for the most part I lived alone. I liked living a relatively simple life and having control of my environment.
The apartment started out with a sofa ($300), chair ($50),

Please give 5th (maybe 3rd) grade level sign-in instructions for your site to me. I don’t seem to run into this with other sites so, please help an old Hoosier farmer out. Provide really simple step by step instructions for me. Thanks!

RETIREMENT BRINGS with it a host of questions. The No. 1 question: Do we have enough for a financially comfortable retirement?
It’s an issue that’s no longer relevant to me, but it’s certainly relevant to my wife Elaine and to almost all HumbleDollar readers. But that fundamental question is just the beginning.
There’s a host of other retirement questions we ought to ask ourselves—about whether we have the right investment mix, how we’ll spend our time,

A lot of HD readers are DIY investors who value ease and simplicity. That means we are managing our own online accounts with no advisor middleman, for better or worse.
Reading this recent forum post about protecting your retirement accounts from scammers, with all its great comments, prompts me to share this experience.
Before dinnertime the other evening I logged onto my Vanguard account and at the top of the familiar red VG dashboard I was greeted in display-size type,

You betcha, but also necessary – unless you have a better idea to generate income for the Social Security and Medicare trusts.
You and I did not pay for our Social Security benefits. In the aggregate all beneficiaries have paid for about 15% of benefits received. I did not contribute toward my pension so it’s fully taxable. If I had contributed on an after-tax basis that portion would not be taxed. 
I looked at the total I paid in FICA taxes as well as what my employers paid from 1959 until I retired in 2010. 

Of my first investments beyond CDs. Bought into a mutual fund in mid-1987 not understanding front-end loads and high expense ratio, not to mention residing in the bottom quartile. Invested in a REIT that immediately and constantly fell in value. Then Black Monday happened to the mutual fund, and the REIT had no secondary market I could sell to.
But the investments were small and the lessons learned huge. I learned that the market came back pretty quickly and that mutual funds are not created equally,

I recently asked HumbleDollar Forum readers if they talk about money with friends and family members. Though the sample is small, the answer is clear. It seems nearly everyone except me keeps their nose where it belongs–out of other people’s business
Perhaps my work as a physical therapist has dulled my sense of relationship boundaries. I’ve asked thousands of patients personal questions such as “Do you need help bathing?” Apparently, it’s just a small step from there to quizzing a close friend about her retirement plans.

A recent comment in the Forum got me thinking about the inherent value of certain fixed income instruments. The commenter said they did not include their traditional pension or Social Security retirement benefit in their balance sheet when calculating net worth. This makes sense since neither of these is easily convertible to cash.
But pensions and SS clearly have significant value, and in many cases are the largest asset a retiree owns. I think it’s useful to get a feel for these amounts.

I always like seeing Jonathan’s monthly top hits list for articles, which is based on page views. I thought I’d compile something similar for the Forum to recognize posts that had the highest engagement last month. My engagement metric uses a proprietary formula based on a combination of likes and comments.

Quinn Relents/Dick Quinn
Feeling Lucky/Jonathan Clements
Humble Bragging/Jonathan Clements
Nobody Wants to Pay Healthcare Bills/Dick Quinn
Vanguard vs Fidelity/Steve Abramowitz
New Car Envy/Rick Connor
CCRC is not an Assisted Living Facility/Kathy Wilhelm
They’re Sunk/Jonathan Clements
Would You Leave a Note?/Rick Connor
Monday Rant/Dick Quinn

How about the three most liked posts?

I RECENTLY READ AN article by Anna D. Banks, an executive coach and human behavior consultant, who talks about the importance of cultivating friendships in retirement. She discusses embracing new activities, volunteering, reconnecting with old friends, using technology, attending social events, and being open-minded about forming friendships with people from other backgrounds.
All this got me thinking about HumbleDollar.
The Breakfast Club is a coming-of-age movie from 1985—a movie,