MY THREE FAVORITE words in response to questions about investing and trading: “I don’t know.”
Nothing underscores that sentiment more than bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. I work on a trading floor, where it pays to have an opinion on just about every tradable asset. But I’m the oddball on the floor. I roll my eyes when I hear blanket market predictions and the latest hot stock tip. I’m even on a personal crusade to remove CNBC from the TVs at work. But let’s leave that for another day.
I don’t have money on the line in bitcoin or any other crypto. I don’t have even mild feelings about where bitcoin is headed. I do, though, have a keen interest in investments. After all, I’ve dedicated years of my life to learning security analysis and portfolio management.
I find that while I have little interest in picking stocks or other assets for my own portfolio, due to my awful behavioral biases, I actually enjoy going through the grunt work of analyzing data and trends to come up with investment recommendations for others. I feel I’m less biased when I don’t have skin in the game.
So what does the future hold for bitcoin? I take a fear and greed approach to fundamental analysis, then weigh the evidence to come to a conclusion. Let’s start with fear. I have three concerns with cryptocurrencies:
If you recall from your econ 101 days, there are three facets that define a currency: as a medium of exchange, as a store of value and as a unit of account. For cryptocurrencies to truly take hold, arguably they need all three qualities:
Medium of exchange. I find it ironic that the most fervent investors in bitcoin are also those least prone to using the currency as a medium of exchange, because doing so is essentially selling. Think about it: You have three bitcoins and you want to buy a new car. You must sell the digital currency and buy the car.
Obviously, we have not yet reached the stage where you can simply walk up to a merchant and pay with bitcoin. Maybe there are a few who are accepting payment with crypto, but let’s just say I can’t yet visit Target and buy my weekly groceries with bitcoin.
Store of value. A benefit to a cryptocurrency is that it isn’t physically perishable. Still, we have seen instances of bitcoin vanishing from people’s accounts, so I don’t think it yet counts as an adequate store of value.
Unit of account. Maybe bitcoin meets this hurdle. Maybe. We can quote the cost of an item in bitcoin. For example, in my new car reference above, a fully loaded Toyota Camry might cost upward of three bitcoins. The problem is, a month from now, it may be two bitcoins or four. Quite a swing. That kind of volatility can exacerbate buyer’s remorse and create other behavioral traps. I know I’d feel awful if I exchanged bitcoins for goods and services, only to see bitcoin double in value over the next few months.
Now, let’s analyze the greed aspect of bitcoin. The adoption of a new technology has been described as having five stages. As investors, we want to make money, which means we want to be early to the party—and we want to be confident that the party is far from over.
If bitcoin can solve the issues outlined above, there will likely be significant price appreciation. How much appreciation? Cryptocurrencies don’t pay dividends or generate free cash flow. The financial analyst in me gets frustrated knowing there’s no discounted cash flow valuation to do.
We can, however, approach the valuation question by comparing cryptocurrencies to other assets. With bitcoin’s current market capitalization near $180 billion—and the entire crypto market cap at around $250 billion—bitcoin is worth about 2% of gold and barely registers when compared to all the money in the world.
Bitcoin is also worth a paltry amount compared to the largest companies in the S&P 500. With all the news of the latest “trillion-dollar club” stocks, bitcoin resides far from that psychological round number. It would seem that, if bitcoin gained more legitimacy, it could certainly close the total valuation gap versus gold and other assets.
The move away from metal and paper currency is clearly happening. Just look at Visa and Mastercard. Those companies crushed it during the 2010s, with their stocks returning 545% and 671%, respectively. The next logical step would be for us to carry not physical credit cards, but instead have some form of electronic storage of our credit. But will bitcoin be it?
Mike Zaccardi is a portfolio manager at an energy trading firm and a finance instructor at the University of North Florida. He also works as a consultant to financial advisors on an hourly basis, helping with portfolio analysis and financial planning. Mike is a Chartered Financial Analyst and Chartered Market Technician, and has passed the coursework for the Certified Financial Planner program. His previous articles were Keep On Keepin’ On and If Only. Follow Mike on Twitter @MikeZaccardi, connect with him via LinkedIn and email him at MikeCZaccardi@gmail.com.
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